Arthrosis is a chronic articulated disease, accompanied by pathological changes Hyalin cartilage, and then in neighboring tissues, a common capsule and synovial shell.
The defeat is dystrophic and degenerative in nature, which leads to a change in the structure of art tissues, loss of their functionality.In accordance with the data of the same statistics, the arthrosis is subject to 12% of the total planet population.From 62% to 65% of all episodes of the disease fall into humans over 60 years of age.
Another 30-35% of cases of joint damage on this pathology are in patients aged 40-60 years.And about 3% are young years 20-40 years.
What is it?
In simple words, arthrosis is a chronic disease in which progressive degenerative-dystrophic changes in common develop the violation of metabolic processes.This is the most common common pathology, diagnosed in 6-7% of the population.With age, the frequency increases drastically.
Most often, with arthrosis, small brush compounds are included in the pathological process (in women 10 times more often than in men), thumb foot, the intersection of the thoracic and cervix the spine, as well as knee and hip joints.The arthrosis of the knee and hook occupies a leading place in terms of the severity of clinical events and a negative effect on the quality of life.
Arthrosis is characterized by comprehensive damage to articulated and auxiliary devices:
- Hondritis - inflammatory changes in the cartilage of the wrist;
- Osteitis - involvement in the pathological process of the bone structures in question;
- Synonitis - inflammation of the inner shell common capsules;
- Afford - defeat a periodical bag;
- Reactive inflammation of soft tissues (muscle, subcutaneous fibers, ligamental devices) located in the projection of the included compound (periarticular inflammation).
The disease was discovered in 2% of people under 45 years, in 30% - from 45 to 64 and 65-85% - abruptly 65 years and more.The largest clinical importance, due to the negative impact on the life and ability of patients, are arthrosis of large and medium-sized hinges of limbs.
Types of arthrosis
Depending on the cause of pathological procedure, primary arthrosis, secondary and idiopathic varies inside the wrist.
The basic develops as an independent disease, secondary, as a result of injury or infection, and the cause of idiopathic shape is not known.In addition to the classification of the disease, depending on the cause of the pathological procedure, arthrosis differs at the location of the localization of destructive changes:
- Gonartost is the most common type of pathology, characterized by knee joint damage.The most commonly recognized gonartrosis in people with surplus weight, with chronic metabolic diseases in the body, weak immunity.The arthrosis of the knee is progressing for a long time and gradually leads to a complete loss of engine function.
- Arthrosis shoulders is the main cause of degenerative processes in this area are the irregularities of shoulder development or excessive loads on this zone, for example, when carrying heavy treasures on their shoulders.
- Arthrosis Ankle - The main causes of development of degenerative processes in the ankle joint are suffering injuries, dislocations, stretching, fractures.In some cases, the development of the pathological process can cause autoimmune disease - rheumatoid arthritis.Arthrosis of the ankle prone to dancers, women who wear high heels, athletes.
- Unkoartrosis or arthrosis of the cervical region - the causes are injuries to the door, advancing osteochondrose, obesity, inactive way of life.At risk, people working on the computer are in offices.In addition to severe neck pain, patients spoke dizziness, awareness inhibition, memory and fatigue damage.These symptoms are due to the compression of the vertebrate artery through which nutrients and oxygen enter the brain.
- Coxartrosis or hip joint arthrosis - The main cause of age - equal changes in the tissues of the compound.At risk, people age 45 years.
- Osteoarthiness of fingers - develops for the same reason as spondylthrosis.
- Poljerosis - characterizes damage to multiple compounds with progressive degenerative processes in them, while the ligaments, muscles and tissue joints are involved in the pathological process.
- Spondylarteness - destructive destruction is subject to the tissues of the spinal column, namely its lumbar department.On the risk group of women during the appearance of menopause, since spondylarthrosis progress against the background of lack of female sex hormones.
Causes of arthrosis
The formation of arthrosis is facilitated by two causes - load and absence of full diet that supplies vitamins, tissue restoration minerals.The compounds of each person carry the load.Athletes and dancers, with physical work, the load on the legs are higher, which means that bone compounds are faster and require high quality nutrition.In addition to the calm lifestyle, the support apparatus is more slowly, but requires a periodic fabric reconstruction.
Therefore, the main state for destruction and deformation of the joint inferior nutrition, fearless components that often happens in the case of metabolic disorders.
Let's list factors that contribute to spending articulated compounds and metabolic disorders:
- Muscle weakness and irregular load loading.The weakening of one or more muscles increases the load on the joint and distributes it unevenly within the bone compound.Improper muscle load is also formed for flat feet, scoliosis, therefore, with these "harmless" diseases with age, the chiling of wear, arthrosis appears.
The probability of arthrosis increases with strong physical efforts.
If daily loads exceed the possibilities of bone tissue, microtrows form themselves.Thickening occurs in injury places, which grows over time and deform the wrist;
- Metabolic disorders (gastrointestinal disease - Želja, disbiosis, garitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, metabolic disease - diabetes);
- Psychosomatic causes - psychosomatics of arthrosis confirm that the cause of the disease becomes a negative emotional state.Stressful shape muscle Grč, constant stress disrupts the diet of all tissues (internal organs, bones, joints);
- Heredity (type of metabolicism is inherited by its possible violations, tendencies of muscle weakness or irregular formation of bones, on poor digestion - which is the basis for the development of arthrosis in age).
Arthrosis is a disease of worn joints that have lost significant supply of mineral substances and the ability to combat cargo and destruction.Therefore, with age, the predisposition for the disease increases.After 70 years, the arthrosis is diagnosed with each other retireer.Since the maximum load falls on their feet (a person moving - walks, stands, run, jumps), then the first signs of arthrosis.
Mechanism for promotion of diseases
When any of the causes that cause a disease of the joint with arthrosis, pathological processes are beginning to develop in it.The mechanism of their advancement is not fully studied, but the main phases of official medicine are known.
In the initial phase of the structure of cartilage tissues and abnormal changes in the synmic liquid.All this income due to violating metabolic processes in which common tissues do not receive the necessary components in sufficient quantities or are deprived of some of them.
The elasticity of collagen and flexibility of cartilage is then lost, due to the fact that, with the lack of nutrients, hyaluronic acids have no time for the production of softness and flexibility of collagenic fiber structural composition.The cartilage is gradually dried, becomes fragile and crack.The liquid in the synovial capsule is gradually exhausted and subsequently disappears completely.
The roughness, solid bone neoplasms are formed on the cartilage fabric.At the same time, the deformation of another common tissue is developed, their pathological degeneration, dystrophy and loss of physiological activity.For the patient, this change means the appearance of pain, chromost and real estate of the wrist.
Symptoms of arthrosis
Arthrosis does not characterize an acute clinical image, the changes in the joints are progressive, slowly growing, which is manifested by gradually increasing symptoms:
- pain;
- periodically arises crumbs in the joint joint;
- Complete deformation that appears and improves because the disease is progressing;
- stiffness;
- Mobility restriction (reduction of volumes of active and passive movements in affected compound)
The pain in arthrosis is stupid passable, appears when moving, along the background of the intense cargo, by the end of the day (it can be so intensely not to allow the patient to fall asleep).Constant, the uninformed nature of pain for arthrosis is the uncertaine and indicates the presence of active inflammation (subhondral bones, sinum membranes, ligamental apparatus or perial muscles).
Most patients have noticed the presence of such a coaled initial pain that occur in the morning after waking up or after a longer period of inactivity and passage during motor activity.Many patients define this condition as the need to "develop common" or "spread".
The arthrosis is characterized by morning rigidity, which has a clear localization and is a short -Term (not more than 30 minutes), sometimes patients perceive it as a "feeling of jelly" in the joints.Perhaps a feeling of header, stiffness.
With the development of reactive sinovitis, the main symptoms of arthrosis join:
- Bollyness and local increase in temperature determined by the palpation of the affected joint;
- the permanent nature of pain;
- Increased connection in the quantity, swelling of soft tissues;
- a progressive reduction of the amount of movement.
Phase and degree of arthrosis
During the disease, the drug differs three phases that have differences in the signs of disease, the intensity of harm and localization.At the same time, differences in all three phases refer to the types of fabrics that suffer pathological changes.
- The first degree of development of the joint arthrosis is the initial phase of the disease.It is characterized by a light lesion of cartilage tissue and loss of physiological functions in collagen fiber.At the same time, in the first phase, lower morphological disorders of tissue and structural changes in the synovial fluid are observed.The skating rink is covered with cracks, the patient has slight pain in the location of the pathology.
- The second degree is the development of arthrosis with increasing dynamics.This phase is characterized by the appearance of stable pain, chrome.Significant morphological and distrophy cards of cartilage were recorded, during the diagnosis, bones growth are revealed.Oosteophytes are formed - the growth of bones that are visible during the visual examination of the destruction site.At the same time, the processes of degenerative changes in the synovial capsule occur, which leads to its structural exhaustion.The disease at this stage can often worsen and be regular.Pain gradually becomes constant.
- The third degree is active progress.At this stage, Sinovijska fluid is almost completely absent because of its degeneration, and bone tissue suddenly abruptly.Joint mobility is almost completely absent, the pain becomes tangible.Kijelosnog tissue is also absent because of degenerative and atrophic changes.The treatment of the third degree of arthrosis of joints is considered impractical.
In addition to these three degrees of pathology development, there is a final phase - irrevocable destruction of all common tissues.At this stage, it is impossible not only to conduct productive therapy, but even to remove pain syndrome.
The paired process usually starts with another degree of damage, in rare cases, in the absence of medical intervention - in the first phase.It is then becoming more difficult to stop, and this can lead to secondary pathology, the development of pathogenic microflora at the location of the localization of the disease.
In order to exempt serious consequences, treatment should start from the first degree and the use of intensive care methods.In the last stage associated with the full destruction of cartilage tissue, only one methodology for riding a patient from pain and real estate of joints - endoprosthik with complete or partial replacement of the joint components.
Consequences
Consequences of premature treatment and initiated joint arthrosis are full of complications such as:
- disability;
- Deformity without the possibility of recovery;
- the appearance of vertebrate;
- inaction or immobility of the wrist;
- Reduction of quality and living standards.
The chronic exchange rate, in addition to these complications, monitors intensive and common pain, completely destroying structural components of the joint, discomfort, inability to perform physical works and playing sports.
Diagnostics
The diagnosis of arthrosis is based on the assessment of anamnestic data, characteristic disease manifestations, results of instrumental research methods.Indicative changes in general and biochemical blood tests for arthrosis are not characteristic, appear only with the development of an active inflammatory process.
The main instrumental method for diagnosing arthrosis is radiography, in diagnostically vague cases, calculated or magnetic rejection of tomography is recommended.
The arthrosis of the knee and hook occupies a leading place in terms of the severity of clinical events and a negative effect on the quality of life.
Additional diagnostic methods:
- ATRAUMATIC ARTROSCOPY;
- Ultrasonography (assessment of the thickness of articulated cartilage, Sinoviška shell, the state of joint bags, the presence of liquid);
- Scintigraphy (estimate of bone tissue of bone that form a common).
How to treat arthrosis?
It is better to treat the arthrosis of an early stage, the treatment itself should be pathogenetic and complex.Its essence is to remove the causes that contribute to the development of this disease, it is also necessary to eliminate inflammatory changes and return the functions that have been lost earlier.
The treatment of arthrosis is based on several basic principles:
- Sating a joint with oxygen or thus - the corrected intraarticular oxygenotherapy.
- Drug therapy.
- Intra-focusing blockade, as well as metaepifiz decompression.
- Rational dietary approach.
- Damaged compounds should be eliminated from excessive load.If possible, during treatment, it must generally be reduced to a minimum.
- After an organized orthopedic regime.
- Classes of the exercises of physiotherapy.
- The passage of physiotherapy, which includes magnet and electrotherapy, striking wave, as well as laser therapy.
- Sanatorium treatment.To do this, it takes once a year, on the doctor's recommendation, it is subject to the treatment of the course in specialized resorts.
Preparations for the treatment of arthrosis
Drug treatment is performed in the phase of aggravation of arthrosis, which selected a specialist.Self-employers are unacceptable due to possible side effects (for example, negative effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on mucosa stomach).
Therapy includes the purpose of such drugs:
- Anti -inflamatory medications.The initial therapy of arthrosis is comprehensive, you can slow down the course of the disease and greatly improve the quality of life.It is valuable to be in more detail in some places of treatment.In particular, drug therapy includes in the initial phase - this is the removal of pain, as well as the removal of inflammatory processes that occur in the joints.For this, all doctors use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications.Experienced doctors do not recommend oral use, because these medications are largely irritating the walls of the stomach.It is therefore depending on the selected medicine, or intravenous or intramuscular administration.Sometimes as auxiliaries, NSAIDs are used in the form of fat, but their absorption is extremely low, so it is not possible to achieve a significant effect.
- Hormonal corticosteroids.When the arthrosis is in the worsening phase, hormonal corticosteroids are advisable.They are inserted in the wrist.Outside, you can use a special patch, grease or tincto, which are made based on burning panel.
- Chondroprotectors are aimed at rebuilding cartilage and improving high-quality synonact liquid composition will not be redundant.The course takes a pretty long time until the moment until improvement is being improved.However, if the expected effect does not appear over three tricks, drugs should be canceled.Also -fafafafanta, along with hondroprotectors, is advisable to use drugs made on the basis of hyaluronic acid.They contribute to the formation of the cell membrane responsible for the formation of the cartilage of the wrist.
Physiotherapy treatment
To stop pain, reducing inflammation, improving microcirculation and elimination of muscle cramps of the patient with arthrosis, focusing on physiotherapy:
- In the stage of deterioration.Prescribe laser therapy, magnetotherapy and ultraviolet radiation,
- In the remission phase.Electrophoresis and phonopholes are presented.
In addition, thermal procedures, sulfide, radon and sea baths are used.To strengthen muscle, electric stimulation is carried out.The gentle massage can also be used in the remission phase.
Surgical treatment
With inefficientness of these exposure methods, in the presence of complications, resorting to the surgical treatment of arthrosis:
- Decompression of metaepifizes and extended intraose-tone blocks (reduction in intraosic pressure in the affected area);
- Corrective osteotomy;
- ActoProsthetics joints.
In the early stages of diseases, mechanical, laser or cold discussions (surface smoothing of the damaged cartilage, removal of irrelevant areas).This method effectively stops the pain syndrome, but has a temporary effect - 2-3 years.
National medications
Most people in our time do not want to take pills or make injections.So they wonder - how to cure arthrosis with the help of folk drugs?In most, all funds are focused on increasing body tons, improve blood circulation, mitigate pain and increase immunity.
Such recipes of traditional medicine are used for the treatment of this disease:
- The egg solution is prepared by eggs mixed with TURPENTINA and apple vinegar in the ratio 1: 1: 1. The liquid must be thoroughly mixed and stuck with the affected connection for all night.Then you need to wrap everything with a woolen scarf.It is recommended to run rubbing in 1 month 2-3 times a week.
- The pharmacy was purchased with the root of Elezetta.As a rule, he faces packages of 50 g.To prepare the tincture, half a package of plant roots and 150 ml of high-quality vodka will need.The ingredients are mixed, set in a dark bottle and insist on 12 days.The decorations are performed before bed, and if possible in the morning.
- The use of cooked oatmeal also provides good results.Take three or four tablespoons oatmeal, pour boiling water and cook over a small heat for five to seven minutes.The amount of water used should be provided with a dense porridge that should be cooled and used as compressing at night.Use only recently cooked flakes.Yesterday's compressed porridge is not suitable.
- Breza, nettles and cluttle blades are taken in equal parts.As a result, you need to get two tablespoons.Let's prelive the resulting chopped collection in the thermos, pour the boiling water a liter and leave it overnight.Starting from the next morning, it is necessary to take half a glass of decoction four to five times a day.The course of this recipe is two to three months.
Security list of bays, horses, garlic, garlic and ragged cereals are also considered efficient.Treatment of arthritis with folk drugs will be most efficient if you combine it with medication treatment.
Arthrosis dish
The basic principles of the arthrosis diet are reduced to the following points:
- Do not eat heavy food for the night so they do not cause an attack of arthrosis.
- Eat fractional.
- Constantly monitor the weight, to avoid increasing body weight,
And that means an additional load on painful compounds. - When there is no worsening of the disease, to move after eating.
- It must be balanced to me, composed with a doctor who attend.
There is absolutely no complaints on fish dishes - can be used quite, of course, in reasonable quantities.
- Don't forget about the correct intake of food vitamins.For patients with arthrosis, B vitamins are particularly relevant
- An important role in the treatment of arthrosis is assigned to a cold man.Such foods will be the rights of stores in traces for painful compounds.The most important component in the cold is a collagen of natural origin.
- Vitamin B will help the production of hemoglobin.It can be "obtained" by eating bananas, nuts, cabbage and potatoes.It is worth taking green and legumes.They will become a source of folic acid.Liver, mushrooms, dairy products, as well as eggs will be useful.They are rich in the fishlumin.
Observing the treatment regime prescribed by a doctor, it can be achieved that the disease will be withdrawn, and the damaged tissues will start recovering.
Prevention
Prevention of arthrosis begins with proper nutrition.It is necessary to try to reduce salt consumption, as well as food that can disturb metabolism.They include legumes, greasy meat, alcohol.Diet includes cabbage, greenery and fish.
It is necessary to attend physical education classes for the prevention of arthrosis, make heat.If possible, it is better to take a few miles on foot.It is important to monitor your weight and prevent weight gains, as this will give an additional load on inflammation joints.It is not recommended to take pills to lose weight, as they can disrupt the metabolism in the body.
Forecast
The forecast for life is favorable.A favorable forecast of social and labor depends on the timeliness of the diagnosis and the beginning of treatment, decreases when tensioning the issue of surgical treatment of the disease if necessary.